A:一般現(xiàn)在時棗通常表示目前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
結(jié)構(gòu) ：1）be動詞的第一人稱單數(shù)為，第三人稱單數(shù)為，其他人稱為。
有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法： 我是am你是are ，is跟著他她它, 復(fù)數(shù)都用are
肯定式:主語+ am /is/are +其他 否定式:主語+ am/is/are +not + 其他
疑問式:Am /Is /Are + 主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + am/ is /are
(否) No,主語 + am /is/are not縮寫形式: I’m == I am That’s ==That is
We’re ==We are What’s== What is You’re == You are Who’s == Who is
They’re ==They are Where’s ==Where is He’s ==He is isn’t==is not
She’s ==She is aren’t==are not It’s == It is
2）行為動詞除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動詞原形，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，在動詞 詞尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) ， 否定式:主語+助動詞 don’t/doesn’t +動詞原形+其他 疑問式:Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他 簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does (否)No,主語+do/does not 縮寫形式: don’t == do not doesn’t ==does not
注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has
用法： 1.表示事實,現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習(xí)慣的動作,常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時間狀語連用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun.
3.表示在現(xiàn)在時間里所發(fā)生的一個動作 . eg. Here comes the train.
4.在時間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時 . eg.I’ll go with you if you are free tomorrow.
B:一般過去時棗表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時通常由動詞的過去式表示。
結(jié)構(gòu)： 1.動詞的第一、三有稱單數(shù)用,其他人稱用,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式和簡略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時相似。 2.行為動詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種, 規(guī)則動詞的過去式是在動詞后加或,不規(guī)則動詞參照不規(guī)則動詞表,需要專門記憶。
肯定式:主語+動詞的過去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning.
否定式:主語 + did not + 動詞原形 + 其他 eg.John didn’t live here last year. 疑問式:Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他 eg.Did you see him a moment ago?
簡略回答.(肯)Yes, 主語 +did (否)No , 主語 + didn’t.
用法 ：1.主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài). eg.My father was at work yesterday.
2.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與often,always 等表示頻度的時間狀語連用.
eg.He always went to work by bus last summer.
3.和when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用. eg.When she reached home, she had a short rest.
4.常與表示過去的時間狀語, 如… ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等連用. eg.They began the work two months ago.
Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.
C:一般將來時棗表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)
結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動詞shall/will + 動詞原形（當(dāng)主語第一人稱時，一般用shall，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱時，用will，但主語為第一人稱時，也用will 肯定式:主語+shall/will+動詞原形+其他
否定式:主語+shall/will+not+動詞原形+其他.
疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動詞原形+其他 簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will .
(否)No,主語+shall/will+not … 縮寫形式: ’ll ==shall/will
shan’t== shall not won’t == will not
用法: 1.表示將要發(fā)生的動 作或情況,常用時間狀語有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year.
Maybe China’s population _______ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005.
2.表示某種必然的趨勢 eg. Fish will die without water.
解析： 1.在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用 shall 表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二人稱作主語的問句中,用will 表示請求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting?
Will you please lend me your pen?
2.當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時,用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等.
eg. I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your birthday.
3.在時間或條件狀語從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +動詞原形也可表示將來時.
(1).表示主觀意愿.打算等. eg. He’s going to learn English next term.
(2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況 eg. Look at the black clouds! ----It is going to rain.
D:現(xiàn)在進行時棗表示目前或目前階段正在進行的動作。
結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are + 動詞的-ing形式
用法： 1.表示目前發(fā)生(進行)的動作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時間狀語有:now,at the moment 等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與 look, listen連用.
eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room.
2.表示目前階段正在進行,而此刻不一定在進行的動作. eg. They are planting trees these days.
3.表示按計劃或安排即將進行的動作,表示這種動作的動詞有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常與表示將來時間的狀語連用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.
注意: 某些表示感覺或狀態(tài)的動詞,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時. eg. Lucy prefers art to science.
練習(xí)題：
1.Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center ___ . a.once a week b. in a week c. next week d. for a week 2.Be quiet! The baby ________ (sleep) in the next room.
3.Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he ______ (meet) her in her office tomorrow.
4.The bell for the class rang while they ___________ (play) on the playground.
5.Lucy said it ___________ (rain) later on.
思考題:
1.The Chinese people ____(work) hard to make their country stronger and more beautiful.
2.He’ll write to you as soon as he _____ (arrive ) in Hainan. 3.The students of Class One ___(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternnon.
4.The sky is black. It ____ (rain), I’m afraid. 5.If it ___(not snow)tomorrow,we’ll go skating
6.Mr and Mrs Green____(travel)to the south of China next week,aren’t they? 7.I___(not see)the film with you because I’ve seen it already. 8.He told us that he_____(stay)here till the next week. 9.I_____(lose)my pen this morning. I haven’t found it yet.
