A:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)棗通常表示目前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
結(jié)構(gòu) ：1）be動(dòng)詞的第一人稱單數(shù)為，第三人稱單數(shù)為，其他人稱為。
有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法： 我是am你是are ，is跟著他她它, 復(fù)數(shù)都用are
肯定式:主語(yǔ)+ am /is/are +其他 否定式:主語(yǔ)+ am/is/are +not + 其他
疑問(wèn)式:Am /Is /Are + 主語(yǔ)+ 其他?簡(jiǎn)略回答: (肯) Yes,主語(yǔ) + am/ is /are
(否) No,主語(yǔ) + am /is/are not縮寫(xiě)形式: I’m == I am That’s ==That is
We’re ==We are What’s== What is You’re == You are Who’s == Who is
They’re ==They are Where’s ==Where is He’s ==He is isn’t==is not
She’s ==She is aren’t==are not It’s == It is
2）行為動(dòng)詞除主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞 詞尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) ， 否定式:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞 don’t/doesn’t +動(dòng)詞原形+其他 疑問(wèn)式:Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 簡(jiǎn)略回答:(肯)Yes,主語(yǔ)+do/does (否)No,主語(yǔ)+do/does not 縮寫(xiě)形式: don’t == do not doesn’t ==does not
注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has
用法： 1.表示事實(shí),現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作,常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun.
3.表示在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作 . eg. Here comes the train.
4.在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代表一般將來(lái)時(shí) . eg.I’ll go with you if you are free tomorrow.
B:一般過(guò)去時(shí)棗表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示。
結(jié)構(gòu)： 1.動(dòng)詞的第一、三有稱單數(shù)用,其他人稱用,其肯定式,否定式,疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相似。 2.行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種, 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是在動(dòng)詞后加或,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞參照不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表,需要專(zhuān)門(mén)記憶。
肯定式:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning.
否定式:主語(yǔ) + did not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 eg.John didn’t live here last year. 疑問(wèn)式:Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 eg.Did you see him a moment ago?
簡(jiǎn)略回答.(肯)Yes, 主語(yǔ) +did (否)No , 主語(yǔ) + didn’t.
用法 ：1.主要用于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài). eg.My father was at work yesterday.
2.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與often,always 等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.
eg.He always went to work by bus last summer.
3.和when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句連用. eg.When she reached home, she had a short rest.
4.常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 如… ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等連用. eg.They began the work two months ago.
Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.
C:一般將來(lái)時(shí)棗表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)
結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動(dòng)詞shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)第一人稱時(shí)，一般用shall，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱時(shí)，用will，但主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，也用will 肯定式:主語(yǔ)+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
否定式:主語(yǔ)+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.
疑問(wèn)式:Shall/Will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 簡(jiǎn)略回答:(肯)Yes,主語(yǔ)+shall/will .
(否)No,主語(yǔ)+shall/will+not … 縮寫(xiě)形式: ’ll ==shall/will
shan’t== shall not won’t == will not
用法: 1.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng) 作或情況,常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year.
Maybe China’s population _______ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005.
2.表示某種必然的趨勢(shì) eg. Fish will die without water.
解析： 1.在以第一人稱為主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中,常用 shall 表示提議和詢問(wèn)情況,在以第二人稱作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中,用will 表示請(qǐng)求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting?
Will you please lend me your pen?
2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí),用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等.
eg. I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your birthday.
3.在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí). eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +動(dòng)詞原形也可表示將來(lái)時(shí).
(1).表示主觀意愿.打算等. eg. He’s going to learn English next term.
(2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況 eg. Look at the black clouds! ----It is going to rain.
D:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)棗表示目前或目前階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are + 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
用法： 1.表示目前發(fā)生(進(jìn)行)的動(dòng)作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:now,at the moment 等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與 look, listen連用.
eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room.
2.表示目前階段正在進(jìn)行,而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. eg. They are planting trees these days.
3.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,表示這種動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常與表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.
注意: 某些表示感覺(jué)或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí). eg. Lucy prefers art to science.
練習(xí)題：
1.Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center ___ . a.once a week b. in a week c. next week d. for a week 2.Be quiet! The baby ________ (sleep) in the next room.
3.Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he ______ (meet) her in her office tomorrow.
4.The bell for the class rang while they ___________ (play) on the playground.
5.Lucy said it ___________ (rain) later on.
思考題:
1.The Chinese people ____(work) hard to make their country stronger and more beautiful.
2.He’ll write to you as soon as he _____ (arrive ) in Hainan. 3.The students of Class One ___(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternnon.
4.The sky is black. It ____ (rain), I’m afraid. 5.If it ___(not snow)tomorrow,we’ll go skating
6.Mr and Mrs Green____(travel)to the south of China next week,aren’t they? 7.I___(not see)the film with you because I’ve seen it already. 8.He told us that he_____(stay)here till the next week. 9.I_____(lose)my pen this morning. I haven’t found it yet.
