1. 非延續(xù)性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如:
The train has arrived. 火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2. 非延續(xù)性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定句)。如:
(1) 他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為非延續(xù)性動詞,不能與表示“時間段”的狀語連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達呢?可以采用下面的四種方法:
a. 將句中非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
b. 將句中表示“時間段”的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
c. 用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
d. 用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3. 非延續(xù)性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示“時間段”的狀語連用。如:
He hasn’t left here since 1986. 從1986年以來他就沒離開過這里。
I haven’t heard from my father for two weeks. 我已經(jīng)兩周沒收到我父親的來信了。