英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：省略句
一. 概念
英語(yǔ)中,為了避免重復(fù),常常省略句子中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分,這樣的句子叫省略句。
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1. 簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略：
在對(duì)話中，交談雙方都知道談?wù)摰膶?duì)象，則可以省略句子的主語(yǔ)，省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象在交際用語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的很多。
(1)Looks like rain.
(2)Hope to hear from you soon.
(3)Sounds like a good idea.
(4)Beg your pardon.
(5)Feeling better today ?
(6)This way, please.
(7)—What does he want to eat ?
—Some rice and vegetables.
(8)Anything I can do for you ?
(9)Sorry to hear that.
(10)Doesn’t matter.
(11)Terrible weather!
(12)Pity you couldn’t come.
2. 并列句中的省略：
在并列句中，相同的成分如主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等都可以省略：
(1)They learn French and we English.
(2)My father planned and built all these houses.
(3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
(4)Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life.
3. 復(fù)合句中的省略：
定語(yǔ)從句：
(1)That’s the reason he is late for the conference.
(2)I don’t like the way he talks.
狀語(yǔ)從句：
(1)If heated, water will boil.
(2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
(3)We’ll go to help you if necessary.
(4)Had I time, I would come.
(5)I’ll go, should it be necessary.
(6)The captain can find a boat quicker than we can.
賓語(yǔ)從句：如果賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)部分與主句的謂語(yǔ)部分或上文的謂語(yǔ)部分相同，可將從句部分的謂語(yǔ)省略。
(1)We will do what we can(do)to help you.
(2)—Is Mr. King in his office?
—Sorry, I don’t know(whether he is in his office or not).
4. 動(dòng)詞不定式的省略：在動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了避免重復(fù)，常常省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞原形，只保留to。
(1)—Would you like to go with us ?
—I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
(2)Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to.
(3)—Have you ever been to the seaside?
—No, we can’t afford to.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等結(jié)構(gòu)中，常常省略to后面的動(dòng)詞原形。
(1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.
(2)He doesn’t get up early as he used to.
(3)I’ll hand it in if I have to.
(4)—Would you like to come tonight ?
—I’d love to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略to后面的動(dòng)詞原形。
(1)He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
(2)The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
