動詞在不同時態下要改變拼寫,今天跟著小編一起學習一下規則情況下過去分詞和現在分詞的變形規律。
過去分詞通常用在完成時(規則情況下過去分詞與過去時拼寫一致,只是過去式通常用在一般過去時),指過去的動作,變形規律是在動詞原形后加上ed,例如:
I asked her a question.
我問了她一個問題。
現在分詞通常用于進行時,指正在發生的動作,變形規律是在動詞原形后加上ing,例如:
I am asking her a question.
我正在問她問題。
通常情況下,加上ed和ing后不必再進行其他拼寫上的改變,但在某些情況下,改變卻又是必要的。下面列舉了幾種變性規則,讓你正確掌握變形規律:
Verbs ending with a silent e
動詞以不發音的e結尾
If the verb ends with an e that isn’t pronounced (as in bake or smile), then you need to drop this final -e before adding -ed and -ing:
如果動詞以不發音的e結尾(如bake和smile這樣的開音節),在加ed和ing時要把這個e刪去:
動詞 過去分詞 現在分詞 bake 烘焙 baked baking smile 微笑 smiled smiling
Verbs ending in -ee, -ye, and -oe (such as free, dye, and tiptoe) do not drop the final -e when adding -ing: 若動詞以ee、ye、oe結尾(如free、dye、tiptoe),則不要把e刪去,但這時過去分詞只需要加d就可以了: 動詞 過去分詞 現在分詞 free 自由的 freed freeing dye 染 dyed dyeing tiptoe 用腳尖走 tiptoed tiptoeing
A very few verbs keep the final -e when adding -ing to distinguish them from similar words. For example, singe becomes singeing rather than singing (which is the present participle of sing). 還有一小部分次在加ing時保留詞尾的e以區分其他詞。比如singe的現在分詞是singeing而非singing,因為singing是sing的現在分詞。 Verbs ending with a vowel plus -l 動詞以元音加l結尾
If the verb ends with a vowel plus -l (as in travel or equal), then you need to double the l before adding-ed and -ing in British English:
如果動詞以元音加l結尾(如travel和equal),在英式英語中要雙寫l(美式英語無須如此):
動詞
過去分詞
現在分詞
travel 旅行
travelled
travelling
distil 蒸餾
distilled
distilling
equal 平等
equalled
equalling
Verbs ending with a single vowel plus a consonant 動詞以單元音加輔音結尾
If the verb ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, and the stress is at the end of the word (e.g.refer), then you need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and –ing:
如果非單音節動詞以單元音加輔音結尾,并且重音在最后一個音節,要雙寫最后一個輔音字母:
動詞
過去分詞
現在分詞
admit 承認
admitted
admitting
commit 犯罪
committed
committing
refer 涉及
referred
referring
If the verb ends with a vowel plus a consonant and the stress is not at the end of the word, you don’t need to double the final consonant when adding -ed and -ing: 如果非單音節動詞以單元音加輔音結尾,但重音不在最后一個音節,則無須雙寫最后一個輔音字母:
動詞
過去分詞
現在分詞
inherit 繼承
inherited
inheriting
target 瞄準
targeted
targeting
visit 拜訪
visited
visiting
If the verb has only one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant (e.g. stop), then you need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and -ing: 若果單音節動詞以單元音加輔音結尾(如stop),需要雙寫最后一個輔音字母:
動詞
過去分詞
現在分詞
stop 停止
stopped
stopping
tap 輕敲
tapped
tapping
sob 啜泣
sobbed
sobbing
Verbs ending with two vowels plus a consonant 動詞以雙元音加輔音結尾
If the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant, you should generally not double the final consonant:
如果動詞以雙元音加輔音結尾,通常無須雙寫最后一個輔音字母:
動詞
過去分詞
現在分詞
treat 款待
treated
treating
wheel 轉動
wheeled
wheeling
pour 潑
poured
pouring
Verbs ending in –c 動詞以c結尾
If the verb ends in -c (e.g. panic), you need to add a -k before adding -ed and -ing, and also -er.
如果動詞以c結尾,在ed和ing前要加上k,在er前也要如此:
動詞
過去分詞
現在分詞
相關的名詞
picnic 野餐
picnicked
picnicking
picnicker 野餐者
mimic 模仿
mimicked
mimicking
mimicker 模仿別人的人
traffic 交易
trafficked
trafficking
trafficker 商人