獨(dú)立主格，一個(gè)讓人看到就有點(diǎn)肝顫的大神級(jí)的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，出現(xiàn)在高考語(yǔ)法題和雅思閱讀題中，高中聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫拔高的四級(jí)課堂會(huì)有詳細(xì)的解讀。究竟它的來(lái)源是什么，我們能自己寫出獨(dú)立主格嗎?

它的定義說(shuō)出來(lái)比較的嚇人，我們暫且不表，先用一些比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子來(lái)看一下他的演化過(guò)程，She ran into the room. Her face was covered with tears. 這是兩個(gè)句子，語(yǔ)法獨(dú)立，但屬于一個(gè)人的動(dòng)作。英語(yǔ)要盡量的追求簡(jiǎn)化，能合到一起的句子要盡量合到一起，但是這兩個(gè)句子有獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，分別是she和her face. 所以我們這塊就把She ran into the room.這個(gè)主要句子保留，而her face was covered with tears.要把謂語(yǔ)變成非謂語(yǔ)，也就是把was去掉，變成了She ran into the room, her face was covered with tears.

總結(jié)一下規(guī)則為：1. 確定主句;2.把次要句的連詞刪掉;3.謂語(yǔ)變成非謂語(yǔ);謂語(yǔ)變成非謂語(yǔ)時(shí)有一個(gè)大體的原則，doing表主動(dòng)，done表被動(dòng)。我們?cè)?strong>高中聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫拔高的課堂上會(huì)練習(xí)一下：

1.After his passport had been found, he was relieved.變成了

His passport found, he was relieved.

2.Because the clock was ringing, the lazy boy felt annoyed.變成了

The clock ringing, the lazy boy felt annoyed.

3.As my watch had been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.變成了

My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.

通過(guò)這三個(gè)句子，您對(duì)獨(dú)立主格有些了解了嗎?獨(dú)立主格是一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，來(lái)自于狀語(yǔ)從句或簡(jiǎn)單句。所以它的定義為：有自己獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，和主句語(yǔ)法沒(méi)關(guān)系，但意義相連，最終目的是要追求簡(jiǎn)潔。

我們來(lái)多看幾個(gè)高考題：

1._________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A. Explaining new words

B. New words explained

C. Being explained new words

D. Having explained new words

這道題選B，句子的原來(lái)形式為 After new words had been explained, the text became easier for us to learn.我們保留主句不變，刪掉after,把謂語(yǔ)變成非謂語(yǔ)即成了new words explained.

2. ____, I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.

A. Time permits

B. If time permitting

C. Time permitting

D. Time’s permitting

這道題選C，句子的原來(lái)形式為If time permits, I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 我們保留主句不變，刪掉if,把謂語(yǔ)變成非謂語(yǔ)time permitting.

3. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.

A. There was

B. There being

C. Because there being

D. There were

這道題選B，句子的原來(lái)形式為Because there was no bus, we had to walk home.我們保留主句不變，刪掉because,把謂語(yǔ)變成非謂語(yǔ)there being no bus.

通過(guò)以上題目訓(xùn)練，您有對(duì)做獨(dú)立主格的語(yǔ)法題有些感覺(jué)了嗎?下面我們看看閱讀中的獨(dú)立主格：

1.The flights having been canceled on account of the tsunami, many travelers could do nothing but remain in residence despite the high cost of rented accommodation there.

其中的前半部分相當(dāng)于Because the flights had been canceled on account of the tsunami,刪掉了because,把謂語(yǔ)變成了非謂語(yǔ)。

2. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

其中的all other factors being equal,相當(dāng)于if all other factors are equal,

刪掉了if，把謂語(yǔ)變成了非謂語(yǔ)。

通過(guò)上面例子，我們簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)一下：英語(yǔ)句子是要追求簡(jiǎn)潔和緊湊的，因此，會(huì)把原來(lái)的很多有聯(lián)系的簡(jiǎn)單句和從句演變成非謂語(yǔ)的形式，最后變成隸屬于主句的一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)成分。

這個(gè)成分是由自己獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)的，因此叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

教師簡(jiǎn)介：

陳志文：北京高中聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫拔高項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人，主講聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫拔高和語(yǔ)法，寫作單項(xiàng)。曾在兩所全國(guó)百?gòu)?qiáng)中學(xué)中任教，教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，對(duì)學(xué)員水平有深刻把握，相信只要有合適的方法和環(huán)境，每個(gè)學(xué)生都是可造之材。