英語中有許多種形式的合成形容詞,僅在初中階段需要學習使用的就達九種。現分述如下:
1.數詞+單數名詞。
如:20-minute 20分鐘的 It's 20-minute walk.步行20分鐘的路程。 second-class 二等的 That's the second-class room. 那是個二等房間。 500-word 五百字的
This is a 500-word composition. 這是一篇五百字的文章。
2.數詞+單數名詞+形容詞。
如:8-year-old 八歲的 Mr Green has an 8-year-old child. 格林先生有個八歲的孩子。
3.數詞+名詞的ed形式。如:three-legged 三條腿的 Tom bought a three-legged table yesterday. 昨天湯姆買了一張三條腿的桌子。
4.形容詞+名詞。如:
round-trip來回的;往返的 Do you need a round-trip ticket﹖ 你想要一張往返的車票嗎?
part-time 非全部工作時間的;兼職的He found a part-time job. 他找到了一份額外的工作。
5.形容詞+名詞的ed形式。
如:kind-hearted 好心的 Father Christmas is very kind-hearted. 圣誕老人的心腸非常好。
6.名詞+過去分詞。如:man-made人造的
China has sent up many man-made satellites. 中國已發射了許多人造衛星。
7.名詞+名詞的ed形式。如:glass-topped帶有玻璃罩的
I want to own a glass-topped table. 我想要一張帶有玻璃罩的桌子。
8.副詞+過去分詞。如:so-called所謂的
I don't like those so-called singers. 我不喜歡那些所謂的歌星。
9.副詞+副詞。
如:so-so馬馬虎虎;不好不壞的 My English is just so-so. 我的英語很一般。.
Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a ______. (foreign) 前綴 例詞 派生詞
un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly
im-“不” possible impossible 后綴 例詞 派生詞 -er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver(以e結尾,-r) run runner(重讀閉音節,雙寫-er)
win winner travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor
-ly(副詞后綴)
bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily
deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily
slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly
特例: true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly
-ful(形容詞后綴) care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful
-y (形容詞后綴)
rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy(以e結尾,去e,加-y)
snow snowy sun sunny (雙寫,加-y) wind windy
-ion(名詞后綴) invent invention operate operation
-ness(名詞后綴) busy business good goodness
一些特例:
動詞 形容詞 動詞 現在分詞轉化為名詞
sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building
enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing
名詞 形容詞 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning
south southern shop shopping wool woolen
danger dangerous 動詞 過去分詞轉為形容詞 difference different fry
fried worry worried
動詞 名詞 break broken know knowledge lose lost
fly flight please pleased please pleasure colour coloured
名詞 名詞 動詞 現在分詞、過去分詞轉為形容詞
farm farmer 農夫 follow following interest interested“感興趣的” 只作表語,僅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表語和定語 developed “發達的” developing “發展中的”