according as，according to

這兩個(gè)詞組雖然相似，但它們的結(jié)構(gòu)和使用場(chǎng)合并不相同。according to表示“根據(jù)”、“按照”;而according as表示“視乎”，有depending及according to whether的意味。

According as是連詞詞組，其后接從句;according to 是介詞短語(yǔ)，其后接名詞。例：

The thermometer rises or falls according to the high or low temperature.

寒暑表根據(jù)氣溫的高低而升降。

They will be praised or blamed according as their work is good or bad.

給他們的賞罰將視乎他們工作的好壞來(lái)決定。

應(yīng)當(dāng)在此指出，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，according as的句型結(jié)構(gòu)已很少有人使用，正如 Bergen Evans和 Cornelia Evans在A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage 中指出的那樣：“This construction is not often heard today”。

下面是according to的例句：

According to the weather report，we shall have cold weather next week.

根據(jù)天氣報(bào)告，下星期天氣將要轉(zhuǎn)冷。

You should act according to circumstances.你們要隨機(jī)應(yīng)變。

According to有個(gè)同義短語(yǔ)，即 in accordance with，但它們的涵義有細(xì)微的區(qū)別，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“根據(jù)…所言”，后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“與…要一致”。另外 in accordance with多用于正式場(chǎng)合，例如表示與一些原則、規(guī)律一致。例：

According to police report，five luxury cars were stolen in Kowloon yesterday.

根據(jù)警方報(bào)告，昨天在九龍有五輛豪華汽車失竊。

We must proceed in accordance with the rules.

我們必須按照規(guī)章辦事。

That sentence is not in accordance with the rules of grammar.

那個(gè)句子不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。

請(qǐng)注意，in accordance with 既可引導(dǎo) adverbial phrase，又可引導(dǎo)adjectival phrase作verb“to be”的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(見(jiàn)上面 in accordance with的第一和第二個(gè)例句);according to則不能。例如，我們不能說(shuō)：

The news is according to Hong Kong’s broadcasting station.(錯(cuò))

另一點(diǎn)需要補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的是，in accord with 和 in accordance with同義，它們可以互換使用，但前者遠(yuǎn)不及后者用得普遍。英國(guó)學(xué)者F.T.Wood認(rèn)為，我們最好在強(qiáng)凋“與…一致”(agreement)的時(shí)候，用in accord with;在強(qiáng)調(diào)“服從”或“遵照?qǐng)?zhí)行”(obeying or following)的涵義時(shí)，用 in accordance with.例如：

What he has done is not in accord with your instructions.

In accordance with your instructions we have suspended work on the heating apparatus.