第八章 分詞
一.概念:
分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語動詞形式
二.相關知識點精講:
1.現在分詞的用法：
1) 做表語：
He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多動詞的現在分詞都可以作表語：
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2) 作定語：
上面所出現的現在分詞都可以用作定語, 修飾一個名詞：
That must have been a terrifying experience.
I found him a charming person.
現在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的后面修飾名詞, 相當于一個定語從句：
There are a few boys swimming in the river.
There is a car waiting outside.
3) 作狀語：
現在分詞短語可以表示一個同時發生的次要的或伴隨的動作：
Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
現在分詞短語還可以表示原因, 相當于一個原因狀語從句：
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.
現在分詞短語還可以表示時間, 相當于一個時間狀語從句：
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
Returning home, he began to do his homework.
Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
Be careful when crossing the road.
Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
Having finished her work, she went home.
4)作賓補：
現在分詞在一些動詞之后可以做賓語的補語：
例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.
I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.
She kept him working all day.
2.過去分詞的用法：
1) 作表語：
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
She felt confused, and even frightened.
They were very pleased with the girl.
I’m satisfied with your answer.
He is not interested in research.
2) 作定語：
She has a pleased look on her face.
The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.
cooked food a written report
fried eggs boiled water
frozen food armed forces
required courses fallen leaves
finished products a forced smile
the risen sun new arrived visitors
What’s the language spoken in that country?
They’re problem left over by history.
The play put on by the teachers was a big success.
Is there anybody injured?
Do you know the number of books ordered?
3)作狀語：
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.
They came in, followed by some children.
Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.
When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.
4)作賓補：
過去分詞也同樣可以作賓語的補語， 接在某些動詞后面
I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.
When they get back home, they found the room robbed.
三.鞏固練習
1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go.
A. Having compared B. To compare
C. Compared D. Compare
( ) 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ .
A. playing, exciting B. played, excited
C. playing, excited D. played, exciting
( ) 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home.
A. Warned B. Having warned
C. To warn D. Warn
( ) 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English.
A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand
C. English-speaking, understood D. English-speaking, understood
( )5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold.
A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caught
C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch
( ) 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it.
A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer
C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer
( ) 7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.
A. Having not known B. Not to know
C. Don’t know D. Not knowing
( ) 8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book.
A. read B. to read
C. reading D. be reading
( ) 9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill.
A. heard B. having been heard
C. having phoned D. having been phoned
四.答案:
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D
