介詞
I. 要點(diǎn)
1、介詞和種類
(1) 簡(jiǎn)單介詞,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 復(fù)合介詞,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系
(1) 和動(dòng)詞的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容詞的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名詞的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介詞短語(yǔ)可以有自己的修飾語(yǔ),這種修飾語(yǔ)通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
(1) at, on, in(表時(shí)間)
表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September 1st 等。
指長(zhǎng)于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between僅用于二者之間,但說(shuō)三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí),也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之間。如:
He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意為"在…旁邊",而besides意為"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指動(dòng)物或人在樹上,而on the tree 指果實(shí)、樹葉長(zhǎng)在樹上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道
by the way 指順便問(wèn)一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角內(nèi) at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般說(shuō)法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般說(shuō)法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車
II. 例題
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語(yǔ)外,你還知道別的語(yǔ)言嗎?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D during
解析:我們均知道,at night這一短語(yǔ),但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來(lái)修飾,故該題正確答案為A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:該題正確答案為A。 look forward to 為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。