1)與主語動詞同時(shí)，

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。

Arriving there, they found the boy dead.剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。

典型例題

The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。

2)先于主動詞

While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。

分詞作時(shí)間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。

Having finished his homework, he went out.

=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。

典型例題

___ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動作(接信)發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.