賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
1.英語中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(堅決要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建議) 表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣,起虛擬語氣的結構為:(should) + 原形動詞。如:
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務。
但是,當insist的意思為:堅決認為,堅持說;suggest的意思為:表明,暗含,暗示等時,賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。如:
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 湯姆堅持說他沒有偷那塊手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。
2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動詞的否定句或疑問句中的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為: should + 原形動詞。如:
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎?
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳遠比賽中竟獲得了第一名?
3. 英語中,wish之后的賓語從句,表示一種沒有實現或根本不可能實現的愿望,常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為(from http://www.enmajor.com/):
表示所發生的時間 虛擬語氣結構
發生在主句動作之前 (1)had + 過去分詞;
(2)would / could / might / should + have + 過去分詞
與主句動作同時發生 過去時(be 用were )
發生在主句動作之后 would / could / might / should + 原形動詞
例如:
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已學好了英語。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。
4. 英語中,would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望,故使用虛擬語氣。起虛擬語氣的結構為:
表示所發生的時間 虛擬語氣結構
過去 had + 過去分詞;
現在 過去時(be 用were )
將來 過去時(be 用were )
例如:
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。
I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你現在在這兒。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那兒。