賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.英語(yǔ)中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(堅(jiān)決要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建議) 表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:(should) + 原形動(dòng)詞。如:
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。
但是,當(dāng)insist的意思為:堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說(shuō);suggest的意思為:表明,暗含,暗示等時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 湯姆堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷那塊手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。
2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動(dòng)詞的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為: should + 原形動(dòng)詞。如:
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎?
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名?
3. 英語(yǔ)中,wish之后的賓語(yǔ)從句,表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為(from http://www.enmajor.com/):
表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間 虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)
發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前 (1)had + 過(guò)去分詞;
(2)would / could / might / should + have + 過(guò)去分詞
與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were )
發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后 would / could / might / should + 原形動(dòng)詞
例如:
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已學(xué)好了英語(yǔ)。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。
4. 英語(yǔ)中,would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望,故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:
表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間 虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)
過(guò)去 had + 過(guò)去分詞;
現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were )
將來(lái) 過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were )
例如:
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過(guò)了這場(chǎng)電影。
I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那兒。