(二)我們先來看看下列的句子:
1.Mounting(騎上) his horse, the bandit(土匪) rode off.
2.A soldier, wounded(受傷) in the Great War, came limping(一跛一跛的) by.
第一個句子中,mounting修飾名詞bandit,因此是個形容詞(Adjective);但它還帶有賓語(Object)horse,因此含有動詞的意味。這就是分詞的特征。
第二個句子中,wounded也有動詞和形容詞的特征。這個過去分詞還有被動的意思。
現在分詞(Present Participle, 如mounting)和動名詞(Gerund)一樣,都是在動詞尾加上ing構成;而過去分詞(Past Participle,如 wounded)則是在動詞尾加上 ed, en,d, t 所構成。
一、用分詞作為定語(Attributive)/形容詞(Adjective)
1.1分詞放在被修飾的名詞之前
1.That"s an interesting story. (現在分詞interesting, 名詞story)
2.I hear a barking dog. (barking, dog)
3.I have often seen falling stars. (falling, stars)
4.There is great danger in approaching(靠近) a wounded tiger. (過去分詞wounded, 名詞tiger)
5.A burnt child dreads(懼怕) the fire. (burnt, child)
1.2如果是分詞詞組,則放在被修飾的名詞之后
1.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. (名詞boy, 分詞詞組hurt by the car)
1.3如果被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等,分詞也放在它們的后面
1.There is nothing interesting. (名詞nothing, 分詞interesting)
2.I felt something crawling up my leg. (something, crawling)
1.4如何分辨作為定詞的分詞或動名詞
1.分詞是"有動詞性的形容詞",如: I can hear him singing a song.
2.動名詞是"有動詞性的名詞",如: I do not like his singing.
3.分詞和名詞間有"主謂關系",如:a swimming girl (游泳的女孩)(你可說:女孩游泳)
4.動名詞和名詞間沒有"主謂關系",如:a swimming pool(游泳池)(但你不能說:水池游泳).