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food

英 [fu?d] 美[fud]

英英釋義同義詞辨析詞組搭配考試真題實(shí)用場(chǎng)景例句

n. 食物；養(yǎng)料

考試真題

We were beginning to be adventurous about food, but we were more interested in meeting people than in eating or drinking.

Doctors used carrot seeds and roots as medicine, on the theory that foods that taste bad must be good for you.

But carrots got their biggest boost during the two world wars when food shortages forced people to eat them and governments told everyone how healthy carrots were.

Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individual governments but also our global civilization.

To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports.

The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices.

The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food security—has a different, more troubling quality than the increases of the past.

The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.

States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security, food security and basic social services such as education and health care.

Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.

Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed.

Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand.

Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security.

Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.

On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume -72- highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion ( ' , 轉(zhuǎn)向) of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.

Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestorsYet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat.

In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.

If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate.

Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries.

Environmental problems must be solved to ease the current global food shortage.

As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many.

As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries.

After a point, countries can become so dangerous that food relief workers are no longer safe and their programs are halted.

Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first-of-its-kind rule requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu.

The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action.

The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting, says Reimann.

Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald's more.

More recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell.

More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonald's example.

It met with firm opposition from the food industry.

It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.

Eating a smaller portion of food does good to the health of kids and adults alike.

Cracker Jacks has been gamifying its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-ofthe- century steel magnate ( ' , 巨頭) Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.

By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn't tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great.

According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small nonfood rewards—like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

If we buy food, we have to pay for it; if a doctor treats us, we know there will be a bill to pay.

Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.

Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk ( ' , 垃圾 ) and should really carry warning labels? It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by.

We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.

To help quantify ( ' , 量化 ) the costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger ( ' , 漢堡包 ).

To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.

There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating.

The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.

The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods.

The microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalysts ( ' , 催化劑 ), but the big food companies—which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking—made the home cook an endangered species.

That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need to teach people to cook food that's good enough to share with family and friends.

No one is asking you to give up activities you like, but if you're watching food shows on TV, try cooking instead.

Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks.

Just make sure you're getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar.

I'm not saying local food isn't better; it is.

Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.

Cooking real food is the best defense—not to mention that any meal you're likely to eat at home contains about 200 fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.

But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores.

Ask yourself, Would Grandma consider this food? Does it look like something that might occur in nature? It's pretty much common sense: you want to buy food, not unidentifiable foodlike objects.

And to save money and still eat well you don't need local, organic ingredients; all you need is real food.

This finding supported ConAgra’s decision to position the product against other high quality frozen dinners, rather than as a diet or health food.

I like going to newplaces, eating new foods, and experiencing new cultures.

As he lay in the hospital recovering, Harper imagined a line of healthy frozen foods that tasted good.

"The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting," says Reimann.

"The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other plac

"This finding supported ConAgra's decision to position the product against other high quality frozen dinners, rather than as a diet or health food.

A 16-year-old asked a stranger at a grocery store to buy him and his mother some food in exchange for carrying the man's groceries to his car.

A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting (反駁) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required

A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth.

According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and BrandLab, small nonfood rewards—like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you originally thought.

An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.

And it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.

And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food.

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn't tell you the first thing about bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great.

As he traveled through the homes of early 19th century nobility, Careme forged the new art of French gourmet food.

At McDonald's, customers will spend on average 3 minutes and 9 seconds from the time they place their orders until they receive their food.

At the top of the building, animal control officers put cat food in traps and captured the raccoon.

Bacteria are carried by various 'media', which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing (打噴嚏).

Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn't become a staple food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers.Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34 arrived in the re

Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn't become a?staple food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers.

Big fast food chains in New York city have started to obey a first-of-its-kind rule requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu.

But in his short lifetime, which ended exactly 184 years ago today, he would forever revolutionize French gourmet food (美食), write best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.

But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.

But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were.

By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery,straining for a glimpse of the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.

Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile.

Cracker Jacks has been "gamifying" its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate (巨頭 Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of

Fast food, it turns out, isn't quite as fast as it used to be.

five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds,and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food.

For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.

Here comes Chauncy, just trying to get food for him and his Mom off of the grace of other people.

high-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.

I'm not saying local food isn't better; It is.

In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food.

In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in lifestyle Medicine—that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease.

In the second experiment meant to pit the mice's hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain "fox-scented" areas and other places that smelled safer but also had food.

It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.

It is often hard for them to find food.

It turned out that, when the mice were hungry, they ventured into the unsafe areas for food.

It's pretty much common sense: you want to buy food, not unidentifiable foodlike objects.

Just let me know what type of food you would like to try.

Local people have also carved out over 200 caves in the soft rock and use them for everything from sacred burial places to food storage.

More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake.

search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feeding grounds.

While many birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short and spent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.

They may have trouble getting adequate food.

Instead of flying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feeding grounds.

For the birds, it's a very convenient way to get food.

Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risks of feeding on landfills.

While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.

The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food.

He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.

Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poisonfree food.

But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.

it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsit aims to keep temperature rise below 2 ℃ onlyit is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesit burdens developed countries with the sole responsibilityThey needn't worry about the food and water they consume.

Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate free-riders: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water.

Today, I’d like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthyhabits, but at the same time promote junk food.

The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food.

Sports drinks which are often high in sugar and calories made up most of the food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the reminder.

In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale university, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts.

Guess what? The worst food I ever had was in France.

And in 2010, the researchers reported that children aged 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.

After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involve sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.

The Love Food, Hate Waste campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network — the Women's Institute.

But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye, and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk.

The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute ( ' , IFPRI).

A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don't get as much rest.

And as the distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out.

And it’s very expensive because it comes from a special type of pig that only eats a special type of food.

And now, for the lighter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world, when it comes to food waste.

And these big food corporations have so much money to spend on clever tactic design to make young children want to buy their products.

As a group, "night owl" types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than early risers.

But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time, time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments.

Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food.

Consumers are less concerned about safety in high-tech products than categories like fresh and processed food.

Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate "free-riders": causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate chan

Eat Grub is Britain's first new food company that breaks western food boundaries by introducing edible insects as a new source of food.

Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we've faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy.

Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places.

Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume.

given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria's minister of agriculture,?has warned that the pest may "create serious problems for food security" in the country.

I don't know about yours, but mine are all about junk food.

If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for your health.

I'm not sure bugs will become a popular snack anytime soon, but they're definitely food for fort.

In addition to this, businesses would now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.

In the United States, up to forty percent of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food.

It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with "'non-store retailers" like food trucks, can mask major changes in individual retail categories.

Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste.

Many birds like to store food for the winter, which they subsequently retrieve.

Now, Africa's largest economy is facing a food crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect, leading to a nationwide shortage and escalating prices.

One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.

Our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks, while little rabbits play about and brush against their legs.

Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems.

Sainz Breeze insist that such food is no joke and could be a new, sustainable source of protein.

She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops.

She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats, including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.

So if ifs so easy to get your protein in food, why add more in the form of powders, snack bars or a boost at your local juice bar?

So they were providing more food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feed their young children.

The " Love Food, Hate Waste " campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network — the Women's Institute.

The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute.

The combination of computational power and engineering advances will eventually enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, widespread use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-indus

The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered.

The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat.

The relationship between getting more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented.

The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce.

The robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment, cattle and food, using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature.

The texture is crunchy, but smelt a little of cab food.

They are generally more popular than whites and can usually be paired with food more easily.

This week the Italian government passed legislation that aimed to dramatically reduce the amount of food wasted in the country.

Today, you can find protein supplements everywhere—online or at the pharmacy, grocery store or health food store.

When the birds forget to retrieve their food—and they do sometimes—a seedling has a chance to grow.

When we were children, we barely had any junk food available and we turned out just fine.

A home environment in blue can help people reduce food intake.

A restaurant in Spain uses a foodie to "re-create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same, " freeing cooks to complete other tasks.

A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.

After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family.

And I heard the food is tasty.

As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.

Back at the camp, you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.

Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe,surviving entirely on discarded food.

Because there is more food to eat.

Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! he didn't have food, water, a phone, or other supplies.

But sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.

But the urge would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.

By that time, the panda no longer needed its mother for food.

Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.

Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.

Chimps naturally share food with each other.

Chimps tend to provide food for their children.

China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens " offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.

Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious (難為情) when they're in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food.

Deer and elk populations — major food sources for the wolf – grew rapidly.

Depending on the type of allergies and/ or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.

Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome.

Each empty can of its food weighs 40g.

Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children.

Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.

Fine food with beautiful Jazz music; this is a great evening out.

Firstly, they spent more time in search food.

Food also plays an important role in many new year celebrations.

Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions.

Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.

Food materials have to be dry.

Food seems to be more important here.

Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.

Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.

For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.

For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.

Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier.

Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food.

He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.

He prepares food for her kids.

He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.

He thought he would make more money if he gave them less food.

He's fond of the food at the bar.

Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, "Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins."

I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to kill bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate.

I like to have some local food while traveling.

I usually have fast food delivered to my office.

If you are arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material into the country.

If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.

In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children.

In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.

In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.

In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more central to people's lives.

In much of asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, japan, korea, and vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species - including species they did not directly attack.

In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either.

Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.

By eating more fast food, people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Is there any food you don't eat?

It is the rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.

It needs no space for the storage of food.

It quickens the transportation of food.

It uses renewable materials as sources of food.

It's a great place to get ice-cream, coffee and other food.

Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.

Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.

Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.

Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert.

Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role.

Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.

More than 10, 000 Chinese take pail in the fiery food and BBQ festival.

Most cats just drag food home because it's a safe place to eat.

Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.

Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was formerly alive.

Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.

Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.

Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.

On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can(裝罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.

On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight.

On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.

Only about one in ten places offered him food that would otherwise be discarded.

Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home.

Over time, as/when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

People probably cooked their food in large pots, using twigs to remove it.

Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale.

Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.

Say your cat weight 5kg and eats one can of food each day.

Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.

She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.

She often buys food for princess, too.

She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.

She visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste.

She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she distributed it to children.

Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.

Some experts doubt 3D food printing.

Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.

When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.

Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.

Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not.

This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.

The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005.

Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”： hotels, restaurants and cafes.

Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow.

Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.

Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers ( ' , and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales.

Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home.

Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories.

But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

“Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues.

The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.

Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them.

"If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sport events," he said.

"Mass produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful," Cline argues.

After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a week.

For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000— more than 40 percent of retail sales.

He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging-not about eating as cheaply as you can—"there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food"—but eating well on a budget.

Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.

Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at las

overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.

Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.

Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants and cafes.

The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.

The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000and is expected to approach 38

The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.

The Food Standards Authority FSA has issued a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures.

The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits.

They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease.

We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing.

When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.

Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this enjoyment should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure intensified to damage our health.

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