• n. 學(xué)生；[解剖] 瞳孔；未成年人

來自拉丁語pupillus,小男孩，來自pupus的小詞形式，來自pupus,男孩，可能來自PIE*pup,鼓起，膨脹，擬聲詞，引申詞義生長，或來自PIE*pau,小的，少的，詞源同few,pedagogue.

來自拉丁語pupilla,小女孩，來自pupillus 的陰性格。因反射在瞳孔的人像如同小女孩而得名。

pupil

pupil: [14] Latin pūpus and pūpa meant respectively ‘boy’ and ‘girl’ (pūpa was applied by the Swedish naturalist Linnaeus to ‘chrysalises’, the underlying link being ‘undeveloped creature’, and English adopted it as pupa [19]). The diminutive derivatives pūpillus and pūpilla denoted ‘orphan’, a sense which remained with pūpill- as it passed via Old French pupille into English as pupil. ‘Person being taught’ did not emerge until the 16th century.

The application of the word to the ‘black aperture in the eye’, which reached English in the mid-16th century, goes back to Latin pūpilla, which was also used for ‘doll’ – the notion being that if you stand close to someone and look into their eyes, you can see yourself reflected in the pupils like a little ‘doll’.
=> pupa, puppet, puppy

pupil (n.1)

"student," late 14c., originally "orphan child, ward," from Old French pupille (14c.) and directly from Latin pupillus (fem. pupilla) "orphan child, ward, minor," diminutive of pupus "boy" (fem. pupa "girl"), probably related to puer "child," possibly from PIE *pup-, from root *pu- "to swell, inflate." Meaning "disciple, student" first recorded 1560s. Related: Pupillary.

pupil (n.2)

"center of the eye," early 15c. (in English in Latin form from late 14c.), from Old French pupille (14c.), from Latin pupilla, originally "little girl-doll," diminutive of pupa "girl; doll" (see pupil (n.1)), so called from the tiny image one sees of himself reflected in the eye of another. Greek used the same word, kore (literally "girl"), to mean both "doll" and "pupil of the eye;" and compare obsolete baby "small image of oneself in another's pupil" (1590s), source of 17c. colloquial expression to look babies "stare lovingly into another's eyes."

Self-knowledge can be obtained only by looking into the mind and virtue of the soul, which is the diviner part of a man, as we see our own image in another's eye. [Plato, "Alcibiades," I.133]

1. After his education, Goldschmidt became a pupil of the composer Franz Schreker.

學(xué)業(yè)結(jié)束后，戈?duì)柕率┟滋爻闪俗髑腋ダ势潯な├卓藸柕膶W(xué)生。

來自柯林斯例句

2. This can cause regression in a pupil's learning process.

這可能會使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中退步。

來自柯林斯例句

3. As a girl she had been a model pupil.

還是個(gè)小女孩的時(shí)候，她就是一個(gè)模范學(xué)生。

來自柯林斯例句

4. Eleanor was a reluctant, anxious pupil.

埃莉諾是個(gè)扭捏局促的小學(xué)生。

來自柯林斯例句

5. a capitation fee for each pupil

攤派到每個(gè)小學(xué)生頭上的收費(fèi)

來自《權(quán)威詞典》